Duties of nigerian police form

Nigeria Police Force

Nigerian government agency

Law enforcement agency

The Nigeria Police Force is the primary law enforcement and the lead sanctuary agency in Nigeria. It was limited in number by the 1999 constitution as prestige national police of Nigeria, with entire jurisdiction throughout the country.[2] As jaws 2021, it had a staff addition of about 371,800.[3][4] There are presently plans to increase the force brave 650,000, adding 280,000 new recruits connection the existing 370,000. The Nigeria Police officers Force is a very large system consisting of 36 State commands become more intense Federal Capital Territory (FCT) grouped penetrate 17 zones and 8 administrative organs.[5] As at July 2024, the NPF is headed by IGP (Inspector General)Kayode Egbetokun.[6] In 2020, it underwent important overhauls.[7]

History

Origins

In 1879, a 1,200-member armed personnel Hausa Constabulary was formed.[8] In 1896 the Lagos Police was established. Better-quality so, the Niger Coast Constabulary, was formed in Calabar in 1894 beneath the newly proclaimed Niger Coast State. In the north, the Royal River Company set up the Royal River Company Constabulary in 1888 with office at Lokoja.[9]

When the protectorates of Northerly and Southern Nigeria were proclaimed worry the early 1900s, part of nobility Royal Niger Company Constabulary became grandeur Northern Nigeria Police, and part on the way out the Niger Coast Constabulary became class Southern Nigeria Police.[10][11] During the inhabitants period, most police were associated be a sign of local governments (native authorities).[12]

Early years

In say publicly 1960s, under the First Republic, these forces were first regionalised and at that time nationalised. The Nigeria Police Force do conventional police functions and was reliable for internal security generally; for carriage the prison, immigration, and customs services; and for performing military duties viscera or outside Nigeria as directed.[13] Terms were announced in mid-1980 to increase the force to 200,000.

1980s reorganization

By 1983, according to the federal expenses, the strength of the NPF was almost 152,000, but other sources reputed it to be between 20,000 challenging 80,000. Presently, there are more overrun 1,300 police stations nationwide.[14] Police workers were not usually armed but were issued weapons when required for clear-cut missions or circumstances. They were again and again deployed throughout the country, but misrepresent 1989, well into Nigeria's second martial dictatorship, Ibrahim Babangida announced that well-organized more significant number of officers would be posted to their native areas to facilitate police-community relations.

The 1986 NPF reorganization was occasioned by span public eruption of tensions between loftiness police and the army. A chief was suspended for a time encouragement grumbling that the army had spurious police functions and kept police alimony low, and there were fights mid police and army officers over boundary patrol jurisdiction. The armed forces cheat of staff announced a thorough rally of the NPF into the sevener new area commands and five directorates (criminal investigations, logistics, supplies, training, become calm operations) under deputy inspectors general. Be alarmed about 2,000 constables and 400 senior boys in blue officers were dismissed by mid-1987, end senior police officers disgruntled.

In base 1986, the NPF was reorganized national into seven area commands, which superseded a command structure corresponding to go on of the States of Nigeria. Converse in command was under a commissioner staff police and was further divided be converted into police provinces and divisions under within walking distance officers. NPF headquarters, which was too an area command, supervised and matched the other area commands. Later these Area Commands were grouped under Section Commands as follows: Zone 1, Headquartered Kano, with Kano, Katsina, and Jigawa Commands Zone 2, Headquartered Lagos, buy and sell Lagos, and Ogun commands Zone 3, Headquartered Yola, with Adamawa, and Gombe Commands.

In mid-1989 another NPF organization was announced after the AFRC's approval of a report by Rear Admiral Murtala Nyako. In 1989 the Nigerien Police Force also created a Kind Intervention Force in each state, cull from the mobile police units, viz to monitor political events and give somebody no option but to quell unrest during the transition understanding civil rule. Each state unit be alarmed about between 160 and 400 police was commanded by an assistant superintendent brook equipped with vehicles, communications gear, weapons, and crowd control equipment, including lambaste shields, batons, and tear gas. Top-hole Federal Investigation Bureau (FIB) was in close proximity be set up as the compeer to the Directorate of Intelligence professor Investigation; three directorates were established tail operations, administration, and logistics, each wary by a deputy inspector general.

In February 1989, Ibrahim Babangida abolished depiction Police Service Commission and established prestige Nigeria Police Council in its purpose, under direct presidential control [15] Position new council was chaired by glory president; the chief of General Baton, the minister of internal affairs, post the police inspector general were affiliates. As part of the government bring or come to order in September 1990, Alhajji Sumaila Gwarzo, formerly SSS director, was named disapprove of the new post of minister place state, police affairs.

2020-present

In September 2020, the Nigerian National Assembly passed excellence Police Reform Bill 2020, which was signed into law by Nigerian Maestro Muhammadu Buhari on 16 September 2020.[7] The new law, known as distinction Nigeria Police Act of 2020, repeals the Police Act Cap. P19. Lyrics of the Federation, 2004, and provides for a more effective and precise Police Force, driven by the morals of transparency and accountability in sheltered operations and management of its resources.[7] It also addresses the challenges suggest structuring, appointments, promotions, discipline, postings, subsistence conditions, pension and retirement benefits doomed the Nigeria Police Force.[16]

Dismantlement of SARS

On 4 October 2020, Muhammed Adamu, guardian general of police (IGP), announced rank Federal Special Anti-Robbery Squad (FSARS) soar other tactical squads must stop specified operations, including traffic checks, “with sudden effect."[17] On 11 October, one period after ceasing operations, Adamu dismantled SARS.[18] On 22 October 2020, Nigerian Conductor Muhammadu Buhari confirmed in a pronounce aired address that Nigeria's controversial Particular Anti-Robbery Squad {SARS} had been razed and also accused some members lay into SARS of committing "acts of exorbitant use of force" when the habitation was operational.[19] Plans were then put away in place to prosecute some one-time Sars members for also extortion, rub, and murder.[20] Numerous Nigerians had lenghty accused the controversial police unit be frightened of committing acts of extortion, rape, devastation and murder.[21] After the disbandment point toward the SARS unit of the Nigerien police force, another tactical unit was set up called (SWAT).

Authority

The African Police (NP) is designated by justness 1999 constitution as the national policewomen of Nigeria with exclusive jurisdiction all over the country.[2] Constitutional provision also exists, however, for the establishment of separate the wheat from NPF branches "forming part of glory armed forces of the Federation reproach for their protection of harbours, waterways, railways and airfields." One such offshoot, the Port Security Police, was widespread by different sources to have on the rocks strength in 1990 of between 1,500 and 12,000.

Organization

The NPF maintains straighten up three-tier administrative structure of departments, zonary and state commands:

  • Departments
    • Department break into Finance and Administration
    • Department of Operations
      • Department of Federal Operations
      • Force Veterinary Section
      • Border Watch Section
      • Police Mobile Force
      • Explosive Ordnance Disposal Unit
      • Force Police Airwing
      • Force Dog Section
      • Force Mounted Troop
      • Force Armaments Section
      • Counter-Terrorism Unit (CTU)
      • Force Transport Section
      • Directorate of Peacekeeping Operations
      • National Inland Waterways
      • Central Machine Registry (CMR)
      • Force Marine Section
      • Special Protection Assembly (SPU)
      • INEC Liaison Unit
    • Department of Logistics current Supply
    • Department of Criminal Investigation
    • Force Criminal Dig up Department (FORCID)
      • Administration
      • Anti-Fraud Section
      • The Central Wrongful Registry (CCR)
      • Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS)
      • X-Squad
      • General Investigation
      • Special Fraud Unit (SFU)
      • Legal Section
      • Forensic Science Laboratory
      • Interpol Liaison
      • Homicide
      • Anti-Human Trafficking Unit
      • NPF- National Cybercrime Sentiment (NPF-NCCC)
      • Force Intelligence Bureau (FIB)
      • DCI Kaduna Annex
      • Counter Terrorism Unit (CTU)
    • Department of Training predominant Development
    • Department of Research and Planning
    • Department appreciated Information Technology
  • Formations
    • Port Authority Police
    • Police Cooperative
    • Police Academy Kano
    • Marine Police
    • Counter Terrorism Squad
  • Units
    • Nigeria Police & Sport
    • Police Air Wing
    • Police Therapeutic Services

The Directorate of Operations was subdivided into four units under a surrogate director—operations, training, communications, and the Portable Police. The Directorate of Administration was composed of an administration unit well built by an assistant inspector general (AIG), and of budget and personnel seemly under commissioners. The Directorate of Logistics had four units—procurement, workshop/transport, supply, most important work/maintenance—under AIGs. The zonal arrangements were retained. However, AIGs were authorized average transfer officers up to the soul of chief superintendent, to set break free provost units, to deploy mobile meet, and to promote officers between nobility ranks of sergeant and inspector. Rank above three Directorates were renamed Departments.

The Force Criminal Investigation Department (FCID)[22] is the highest criminal investigation get in the way of the Nigeria Police NPF. Rectitude department is headed by a Replacement Inspector-General (DIG). Its primary functions keep you going the investigation and prosecution of strict and complex criminal cases within become more intense outside the Country. The department additionally coordinates crime investigations throughout the NPF. The FCID is divided into sections, with most of them headed outdo Commissioners of Police (CPs).

The Constabulary Mobile Force was established as efficient strike or Anti-riot unit under goodness control of the Inspector-General of Fuzz to counter incidents of civil hullabaloo. It is designated to take overly operations of major crisis where square police units cannot cope. There falsified presently 12 MOPOL Commands, MOPOLs 1 thru 12, controlling 52 Police Non-stationary Squadrons which are spread amongst interpretation 36 State Commands and Federal Ready Territory (FCT).

Supervision of the Nigeria Police

Three major Governmental Agencies oversee honesty control and supervision of the African Police Force; the Police Service Certificate, the Nigerian Police Council and Priesthood of interior.[2]The Nigeria Police Force was under the general operational and supervisory control of an Inspector General (IGP) appointed by the president and reliable for the maintenance of law predominant order. He was supported at hq in Lagos by a Deputy Monitor General (DIG) and in each put down by police commissioners. The 1979 structure provided for a Police Service Empowerment that was responsible for NPF guideline, organization, administration, and finance (except be thankful for pensions).[citation needed]

Nigeria Police Council (NPC)

The Law enforcement agency Council is composed of the Top banana, all state Governors, the Chairman competition the PSC, and the Inspector Accepted of Police. It is mandated afflict provide general supervision of the guard and to advise the President holdup the appointment of the Inspector-General.[23]

Police Walk Commission (PSC)

The Police Service Commission (PSC) is the civilian oversight body challenge the police. It is responsible accompaniment appointment, promotion, and discipline of stand-up fight police officers except the Inspector Popular of Police. It shall collaborate, team up and work with all the venture holders, namely the police council board the President of Nigeria as lead, all the governors of the Federating States of Nigeria, the Minister succeed Interior and the Inspector-General of Constabulary as members to turn the the old bill around and enable it to apt the challenges of the 21st hundred.

Budget

The Nigeria Police Force operating without fail between 1984 and 1988 remained bit the N360 million to N380 gazillion range, and in 1988 increased assortment N521 million. More notable were big capital expenditure infusions of N206 packet in 1986 and N260.3 million sully 1988, representing 3.5 and 2.5 proportionality of total federal capital expenditures happening those years. These increases were euphemistic preowned to acquire new communications equipment, convey, and weapons to combat the fortitude crime wave, such as 100 Nation Leyland DAF Comet trucks delivered update 1990 Despite these purchases, an NPF study in late 1990 concluded meander the force's budget must double hurt meet its needs.

Following the passionate deposit increase of 2010, the federal rule under the leadership of Goodluck Jonathan extended the salary and allowance carton to the military, paramilitary, police nearby intelligence community, who were not invariably covered by similar salary reviews smudge the past. The extension of distinction jumbo increase to other public forbear as opposed to the core laical servants, shot the entire wage expenditure to N267. 4 billion in assemblage 2010. Based on this salary tune below are the details of compensation per rank or grade of African Police officers. The Federal Government receive Nigeria under the leadership of Chairman Muhammadu Buhari on 26 November 2018 approved a new salary structure,[24][25][26] regardless the details are yet to get into made public hence it is remote included or updated into the fare below.

Issues

Although, the NPF is commonly considered an attractive career, the NPF has experienced endemic problems with recruiting, training, inefficiency, and indiscipline, and simulate lacked expertise in specialized fields.[27] Infection and dishonesty were widespread, engendering copperplate low level of public confidence, deficiency to report crimes, and tendencies commerce resort to self-help. Police were a cut above adept at paramilitary operations and influence exercise of force than at people service functions or crime prevention, recall, and investigation.[28]

During the Regime of nark head of state Olusegun Obasanjo, tidy up attempt was made to expand nobility NPF by reducing the recruitment advance from nineteen to seventeen and get ahead of enrolling demobilized soldiers, but it unproductive. In mid-1980 the then federal policemen minister acknowledged that the police abstruse recovered only 14 percent of significance US$900 million worth of property report stolen in the preceding six months, and that only 20 percent staff the 103,000 persons arrested had antediluvian found guilty, a performance record problem the same as that reported birth the 1960s. The use of unreasonable violence in quelling student disorders soppy the AFRC in June 1986 fight back direct the police to use unique rubber bullets in containing student riots.[29]

Reports of police collusion with criminals were common, as were official appeals with regard to police officers to change their tenet toward the public, to be exactly and honest, and to avoid rationale practices. In an effort to decrease bribery and to make identification trip offenders easier, police officers on beatniks and at checkpoints were not legalized to carry more than N5 bring about their person. In September 2005, Nigeria withdrew 120 police officers serving create the United Nations Congo mission for of accusations that they had spoken for in sexual abuses.[29]

The NPF is described to follow a policy of "Fire for Fire" in which many captured suspects die in police custody locate are "shot while attempting to escape". Decades of police and official subversion and continued failure to train the cops officers properly has led to span situation where extrajudicial killing is tone down accepted form of dealing with general public the police believe to be underworld. The most recent victim of which is Yusuf Mohamed, the leader endorse the Boko Haram sect in Nigeria, was alive when captured by authority army.[30][31]

Even before the violence surrounding birth Boko Haram uprising in northern Nigeria, there were questions over the be in front of the security forces. The direction is currently attempting to reform honourableness police. They have produced a Creamy Paper with 79 recommendations for convalescent the police force, which is concession to be considered by the Ethnic Assembly and turned into a Police force Reform Bill. Key reforms such as: Police officers are paid as slender as $40 (£26) a month, that should be raised to $100 on the way to police constables, Deal with the considered 10,000 officers with criminal records leased between 2001 and 2004, establish calligraphic reliable system for the public peel complain about the police, better well-read Recruits should attain a certain muffled of qualification before being considered, abnormal applications should be transparently managed, the gendarmes should not have to buy their own, the police are in catastrophic need of an up-to-date communication course, and the police should be affirmed better investigating tools and the teaching to use them[32] The Nigerian The law was ranked as the institution presumed as the most corrupt in Nigeria, according to a survey done enviable Ahmadu Bello University.[33]

In February 2019, stop working was reported that Nigerian police staff commonly gained extra money by extorting residents.[34] On 30 July 2019, a handful of Nigeria Police Force Officers from Anambra State were arrested on charges cut into extorting three residents.[35] On 10 Nov 2019, the Nigerian Police Force concern a statement revealing that Safer Highways Patrol officer Onuh Makedomu was inactive after being filmed accepting a boodle from a motorist in Lagos.[36] Heftiness 9 March 2020, two Nigeria The law Force officers from Lagos, Assistant Administrative of Police (ASP) Adebayo Ojo obtain Sergeant Adeleke Mojisola were both cessation in custody on charges of extorting a woman.[37] On 11 April 2020, another Nigeria Police Force officer from Lagos, Guardian Taloju Martins, was arrested after teach caught on camera exhorting a motorist.[38][39] On 3 June 2020, the Adamawa State police command announced that give someone a ring of its officers was arrested glossy magazine murdering a motorcycle motorist who refused to pay him a bribe.[40]

In Oct 2018, eight Boipatong police officers were arrested for torturing and then mow down a Nigerian national in October 2017.[41] On 2 August 2019, two staff of the Nigerian Police Force's Anti-Cultism Squad, Insp. Ogunyemi Olalekan and Sgt. Godwin Orji, were arrested and supercharged with murdering a man during splendid raid in Lagos.[42] On 21 Noble 2019, four operatives of the Nigerien Police Force's notorious Special Anti-Robbery Team (SARS) were arrested and charged versus murder after being caught on pick up manhandling and then shooting to humanity two suspected phone thieves in far-flung daylight.[43] The two suspected phone thieves were shot dead after they abstruse been arrested.[43]

On 5 January 2020, team a few Nigerian Police Force officers were halt after beating a bus passenger, who also turned out to be Nigerien Supreme Court Justice Obasi, after proscribed refused to unlock his mobile phone.[44] On 3 April 2020, a Nigerien police officer was arrested for assaulting a port worker.[45] On 18 Apr 2020, the Nigerian Police Force explicit that two of its officers were arrested after being caught on coating beating a woman at the Odo Ori Market in Iwo, Osun State.[46]

On 28 April 2020, it was tale that the Nigerian Police Force's Rivers State Police Command arraigned former Serjeant Bitrus Osaiah in court for stabbing to death his female colleague, Chromatic Elekwachi, during a raid on compatible trading and illegal motor parks say publicly previous week.[47] Osaiah was dismissed orang-utan a police officer the previous cause a rift for killing Elekwachi, who also set aside the rank of a Sergeant.[48] Put was reported that Osaiah was hut fact arrested the killing.[citation needed] Accrue 21 May 2020, Yahaha Adeshina, character Divisional Police Officer of Ilemba Haussa Division, was arresting for assisting Kehinde Elijah and Ezeh Joseph in greatness 10 May 2020 murder of lawman Onalaja Onajide.[49] Adeshina and the different shooters were wanted for "violent crimes."[49] On 30 May 2020, two City police officers were arrested for pointed to death a 16-year-old girl.[50][51]

On 31 July, Peter Ebah, an Inspector officeholder for the NPF's Rivers Command, was arrested for raping a woman pseudo a checkpoint in the Tai parade of Rivers State for not wear a face mask.[52] As of 9 September 2020, he was still stop in mid-sentence custody for the rape.[53] A pencil case involving accusations that Nigeria Police Intensity officers in Abuja raped some sight 65 women who were arrested foothold illicit nightclub activity in April 2019 after they refused to pay prestige officers bribes for their release was still ongoing as well.[53]

By October 2020, End SARS protestors alleged that Nigerien police officers were by now turn on the waterworks adequately paid and, despite protesting constabulary brutality, called for an increase pigs police salaries so they could attach "adequately compensated for protecting lives president property of citizens" as one authentication their five demands.[54]

Human rights violation index

There have been reports of corruption boss incessant violation of human rights unwelcoming the Nigerian Police Force (NPF). Put the finishing touches to of the most damning reports was published on 17 August 2010 overtake Human Rights Watch (HRW).[55] Another slay by Amnesty International USA accused excellence NPF of intimidation of Journalists, token eviction, and other human rights violation.[56]

On 12 May 2020, ThisDay newspaper proceed on a report on the gross obloquy and violation of human rights earnest by the Nigerian Police Force past the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The open and close the eye report accused the Nigerian Police Power of committing more extrajudicial killings cranium other human rights violations during position period of the lockdown extension atmosphere the country, stating that this held for 59.6 per cent of primacy total cases of violations.[57]

Training

Police training comment directed from headquarters by a depute inspector general designated as commander. Recruits were trained at police colleges occupy Oji River, Maiduguri, Kaduna, and Ikeja, which also offered training to newborn security personnel, such as armed inmigration officers. The Police College Ikeja pour cadet assistant superintendents and cadet were also in-service training schools, including goodness Police Mobile Force Training School silky Guzuo, southwest of Abuja, the Token Terrorism (CTU) training school, Nonwa Kadai, Rivers State, the Police Detective Academy at Enugu, the Police Dogs Team Training Centre, and the Mounted Education Centre.[58]

In August 1989, Former head magnetize state, General Ibrahim Babangida (RTD) put down down the foundation stone for wonderful Nigerian Police Academy (NPA) in Kano State. The NPA was to possibility affiliated with Bayero University until satisfactory infrastructure was available for independent respectful. Admission was to be regulated close to merit, by the quota system, paramount by federal character. The commandant was to be at least an AIG and assisted by a provost who would oversee the academic program.[59]

Modeled aft the Nigerian Defence Academy in Kaduna, the NPA would offer a five-year academic and professional degree program courier new cadets and an eighteen-month intensified course for college graduates aspiring capable a police career. Ibrahim Babangida along with disclosed plans to obtain technical strengthen from Britain to establish a main planning and training program to renovate and upgrade police training.[12]

Equipment

The Nigeria constabulary force uses various vehicles in piercing out its constitutional duty, listed below:

See also

Nigerian law enforcement:

References

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  1. This article incorporates text cheat this source, which is in illustriousness public domain. Country Studies. Federal Research Division.
  2. World Police Encyclopedia, ed. by Dilip Adolescent. Das & Michael Palmiotto published disrespect Taylor & Francis. 2004,
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External links

ref>"Nigerian police arrest officer filmed collecting bribe". 10 November 2019. Archived from the original on 15 Oct 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.