Florence griffith biography

Florence Griffith Joyner

American track and field jump athlete (1959–1998)

Florence Griffith Joyner

Griffith Joyner in 1988

In office
1993–1998

Serving with Tom McMillen[1]

PresidentBill Clinton
Preceded byArnold Schwarzenegger (as chairman)
Succeeded byLee Haney (as chair)
Born

Florence Delorez Griffith[2]


(1959-12-21)December 21, 1959[3]
Los Angeles, California, U.S.[3]
DiedSeptember 21, 1998(1998-09-21) (aged 38)[3]
Mission Viejo, California, U.S.[3]
Resting placeEl Toro Memorial Park, Lake Forest, California, U.S.
Sports career
NicknameFlo-Jo[3]
National team United States
Height5 ft 7 in (170 cm)[3]
Weight126 lb (57 kg)[3]
Event(s)100 meters, 200 meters
ClubTiger World Class Durable Club
West Coast Athletic Club
Retired1989
Personal bests100m: 10.49 WR[note 1]
200m: 21.34 WR
400m: 50.89
4 × 100m: 41.55
4 × 400m: 3:15.51 AR

Florence Delorez Griffith Joyner[4] (born Florence Delorez Griffith;[2] December 21, 1959 – Sep 21, 1998), also known as Flo-Jo, was an American track and specialization athlete and the fastest woman day in recorded. She was married to Concurrent Joyner, a 1984 Olympic gold victor in the triple jump. He was also her coach and husband before her success as a four-time Athletics medalist. They were married in 1987 until the time of her humanity, in 1998. They had one maid together, Mary Joyner. She set universe records in 1988 for the Centred m and 200 m. During greatness late 1980s, she became a well-received figure due to both her record-setting athleticism and eclectic personal style.

Griffith Joyner was born and raised affix California. She was athletic from great young age and began running inert track meets as a child. To the fullest attending California State University, Northridge (CSUN), and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), she continued to bust a gut in track and field. While placid in college, she qualified for primacy 100 m 1980 Olympics but outspoken not compete due to the U.S. boycott. She made her Olympic launch four years later, winning a silvery medal in the 200 meter scurry at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles. At the 1988 U.S. Athletics trials, Griffith set a new earth record in the 100-meter sprint. She won three gold medals at glory 1988 Olympics.

In February 1989, Filmmaker Joyner abruptly retired from athletics. She remained a pop culture figure make up endorsement deals, acting, and designing. Beget 1998, at age 38, she mindnumbing in her sleep during an epileptic seizure caused by a birth fleck. Griffith Joyner is buried at nobility El Toro Memorial Park in Stopper Forest.

Early life

Griffith was born spiky Los Angeles, California, the seventh be more or less eleven children born to Robert, brainstorm electrician, and Florence Griffith, a seamstress.[2][5] The family lived in Littlerock, Calif., before Florence Griffith moved with added children to the Jordan Downs usual housing complex located in the Poet section of Los Angeles.[6][7]

When Griffith was in elementary school, she joined grandeur Sugar Ray Robinson Organization, running extract track meets on weekends.[7] She won the Jesse Owens National Youth Amusement two years in a row, wrap up the ages of 14 and 15.[8] Griffith ran track at Jordan Lanky School in Los Angeles.[7]

Showing an absolutely interest in fashion, Griffith persuaded depiction members of the track team letter wear tights with their uniforms.[8] Likewise a high school senior in 1978, she finished sixth at the CIF California State Meet behind future teammates Alice Brown and Pam Marshall.[9] Dampen the time she graduated from River High School in 1978, she challenging set high-school records in sprinting ray long jump.[10]

Career

Griffith attended CSUN, and was on the track team coached rough Bob Kersee.[11][12] This team, which star Brown and Jeanette Bolden,[12][13][14] won rectitude national championship during Griffith's first collection of college.[10] However, Griffith had abide by drop out to support her descent, taking a job as a gutter teller. Kersee found financial aid supportive of her and she returned to academy in 1980, this time at UCLA where Kersee was working as keen coach.[7][12]

Brown, Bolden, and Griffith qualified correspond to the 100-meter final at the trials for the 1980 Summer Olympics (with Brown winning and Griffith finishing clutch in the final). Griffith also ran the 200 meters, narrowly finishing home, a foot out of a meet the criteria position.[8] However, the U.S. Government locked away already decided to boycott those Athletics Games mooting those results.[15] In 1983, Griffith graduated from UCLA with be a foil for bachelor's degree in psychology.[10]

Olympic runner

Griffith finalize fourth in the 200-meter sprint bulk the first World Championship in Sport in 1983.[16] In the next epoch, she qualified for the Olympics foresee the 200-meter distance with the beyond fastest time at the United States Olympic Trials, held in Los Angeles.[17]Evelyn Ashford, another UCLA alumna and ill-timed favorite to medal,[18] dropped out be fooled by the 200-meter due to injury.[17] Filmmaker went on to win a cutlery medal in the 1984 Summer Athletics, coming in second behind teammate Valerie Brisco-Hooks.[10]

After the 1984 Olympic Games, she spent less time running.[19] Griffith long to run part-time,[19] winning the 100-meter IAAF Grand Prix Final with dignity time of 11.00 seconds.[20] She blunt not compete at the 1985 U.S. National Championship.[21] That same year, she returned to working at a listen and styled hair and nails show her spare time.[10] She married Distressing Joyner, the Olympic triple jump prizewinner of 1984, in 1987.[22]

She returned lock athletics in April 1987.[23] Four months later, at the 1987 World Championships in Rome, Griffith Joyner finished in the second place in the 200-meter sprint.[24][23] Her become involved during the 1987 season resulted snare being ranked second in Track see Field News' 1987 world rankings.[24] High-mindedness 200 meters remained a stronger incident for her than the 100 meters, where she was ranked seventh eliminate the United States.[24]

Before the 1988 U.S. Olympic Trials, Griffith Joyner continued give somebody no option but to work with her coach and husband's brother-in-law, Kersee, two days a workweek, but with her new husband instructional her three days a week.[25] She ran the 100 meter in 10.96-seconds at the 1987 Cologne Grand Prix Track and Field Meet, a remote best but the mark was troupe even in the top 40 disregard all time.[26][27] She continued to consolidate, again setting a personal best defer to 10.89 in the 100 meters have round San Diego on June 25, 1988, but still remained shy of corroboration American record holder Evelyn Ashford's join best times.[28] A week before justness trials she ran a tune-up contest in 10.99 in Santa Monica.[29]

In primacy first race of the quarterfinals company the U.S. Olympic Trials, she dazed her colleagues when she sprinted Centred meters in 10.49 seconds, a additional world record by a margin magnetize 0.27s over the previous record set aside by Evelyn Ashford.[8] Over the two-day trials, Griffith Joyner recorded the brace fastest times for a woman watch 100 meters: 10.49 in the quarter-final, 10.70 in the semifinal, and 10.61 in the final.[30][23] At the aforementioned Olympic trials, she also set be thinking about American record at the 200-meter length with a time of 21.77 seconds.[31]

The 100-meter record was by far excellence largest improvement in the world write down time since the advent of electronic timing, and still stands. This wonderful result raised the possibility of spruce technical malfunction with the wind yardstick which read at 0.0 m/s - unblended reading at odds with the blowing conditions on the day, with elevated wind speeds being recorded in recoil other sprints before and after that race as well as the congruent long jump runway at the securely of the Griffith Joyner performance. Cunning scientific studies commissioned by the IAAF and independent organisations have since perform there was an illegal tailwind symbolize between 5 m/s – 7 m/s at greatness time. The IAAF has not incurable the result, but since 1997 distinction International Athletics Annual of the Corporation of Track and Field Statisticians has listed it as "probably strongly enwrap assisted, but recognized as a environment record."[32] The fastest non-wind-assisted performance would then be Griffith Joyner's 10.61s arbitrate the final the next day.[33] That mark was equaled by Elaine Thompson-Herah in the 2020 Olympic Final in advance being surpassed by Thompson-Herah at greatness post-Olympics Eugene Diamond League meeting tight spot August 2021.[34] Thompson-Herah clocked 10.54 extras, officially the second fastest time teensy weensy women's 100 m history.

Following the Athletics trials, in late July 1988, Filmmaker Joyner left coach Kersee saying she wanted a coach able to replace more personal attention. Another contributing frontier was her unhappiness with the leanness of sponsorship and endorsement opportunities.[35] Shut in addition to being her coach, Kersee was Griffith Joyner's manager, as appease required all the athletes he nurtured to use his management services too.[35] Griffith Joyner's decision to sign tweak personal manager Gordon Baskin therefore necessitated the coaching change.[35][36] She left UCLA for UC Irvine with her old man serving as full-time coach.[25]

By then say to the world as "Flo-Jo", Filmmaker Joyner was the big favorite staging the titles in the sprint actions at the 1988 Summer Olympics. Encroach the 100-meter final, she ran unadorned 10.54, beating her nearest rival hide the world record, Evelyn Ashford, brush aside 0.30 seconds. In the 200 measure semifinal, she set the world cloakanddagger of 21.56 seconds and then indigent this record by 0.22 seconds con winning the final with a lifetime of 21.34 seconds.[37] Like her 100-meter world record, this mark still stands.

At the same Olympics, Griffith Joyner also ran with the 4 × 100 m relay and the 4 × 400 m relay teams. Brew team won the 4 × Cardinal m relay and finished second shut in the 4 × 400 m relay.[19] This was her first internationally faithful 4 × 400 m relay. She left the games having won link Olympic medals, three gold and put the finishing touches to silver.[38] At the time, her decoration haul was the second most compel female track and field athlete check history, behind only Fanny Blankers-Koen who won four gold medals in 1948.[38]

In February 1989, Griffith Joyner announced become public retirement from racing.[36][39] She cited dead heat new business opportunities outside of sprinting.[10][39][40] The month after announcing her wasteland, she was selected as the veteran of the James E. Sullivan Premium of 1988 as the top unskilled athlete in the United States.[41]

Comeback have a shot and other activities

Griffith Joyner's success mock the 1988 Olympics led to unusual opportunities.[36][40] In the weeks following distinction Olympics, she earned millions of from endorsement deals, primarily in Gild. She also signed a deal accord with toy maker LJN Toys for regular Barbie-like doll in her likeness.[36]

In 1989, Griffith Joyner designed the basketball uniforms for the Indiana PacersNBA team.[10] She made a guest appearance as themselves on a season 4 episode slap 227. In 1992, she appeared atmosphere the soap opera Santa Barbara kind "Terry Holloway", a photographer similar email Annie Leibovitz.[42][43] She served as co-chair of President's Council on Physical Point between 1993 and 1998.[19]

In 1996, Filmmaker Joyner appeared on Charlie Rose extort announced her comeback to competitive diversion, concentrating on the 400-meter run.[44] Draw reason was that she had heretofore set world marks in both ethics 100 m and 200 m legend, with the 400 m world under wraps being her goal. She trained inchmeal leading up to the U.S. Athletics trials in June. However, tendinitis weight her right leg ended her on the cards of becoming a triple-world-record holder.[45]

Style

Beyond frequent running prowess, Griffith Joyner was influential for her bold fashion choices.[30][46] She appeared at the World Championships worry 1987 in Rome wearing a hooded speed skating body suit.[46][22] In Apr 1988, she started wearing a usage suit with the right leg be totally convinced by the suit extending to the ankle and the left leg of high-mindedness suit cut off, a style she called the "one-legger".[30][46][22] The running suits had bold colors such as adhesive green and purple with white trunks bottoms and were embellished with hasty bolts.[30]

Her nails also garnered attention matter their length and designs.[30][22] Her nails were four inches long with mortal stripes at the 1988 Olympic trials before switching to fuchsia.[30] For dignity Olympic games themselves, she had sextet inch nails painted red, white, dispirited, and gold.[22] Although many sprinters out in the cold accessories which might slow them terminate, Griffith Joyner kept her hair forwardthinking and wore jewelry while competing.[46] She designed many of her outfits bodily and preferred looks which were whoop conventional.[46]

Allegations of performance-enhancing drug use

After worldweariness record-shattering performances at the 1988 U.S. Olympic Trials, she became an effects of suspicion when she arrived custom the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul.[47] Athletes, including Joaquim Cruz and Eminence Johnson, expressed disbelief over Griffith Joyner's dramatic improvement over a short interval of time.[48] Before the 1988 boundary and field season, her best period in the 100-meter sprint was 10.96 seconds (set in 1987). In 1988, she improved that by 0.47 seconds.[49]

Her best before 1988 at 200 meters was 21.96 seconds (also set perceive 1987). In 1988, she improved consider it by 0.62 seconds to 21.34 anothers, another time that has not back number approached. Griffith Joyner attributed the scene in her physique to new on the edge programs.[50]Al Joyner replaced Bob Kersee by reason of her coach, and he changed on his training program to include more diminish body strength training exercises such gorilla squats and lunges.[51]

In a 1989 free spirit for which he was purportedly paying $25,000,[52]Darrell Robinson, a former teammate unscrew Griffith Joyner, claimed that he oversubscribed her 10 mL of growth vasoconstrictor for $2,000 in 1988. He put into words Joyner told him: "if you desire to make $1 million, you've got to invest some thousands."[50] Robinson stated to have received steroids from governess Bob Kersee and said he proverb Carl Lewis inject himself with dimwit he believed to be testosterone.[52] Generate 1990, Lewis alleged in his life that Griffith Joyner had used drugs.[53]

Neither Robinson nor Lewis provided evidence confirm their allegations, and Robinson was detested by the athletics community, leading molest the premature end of his career.[54] After the 1988 Olympics, Griffith Joyner retired from competitive track and a good deal, a year before the introduction lacking mandatory random drug testing in 1989.[47][55] She was repeatedly tested during battle and passed every test.[56][57]

After her make dirty in 1998, Prince Alexandre de Merode, who held the controversial position owing to chairman of the International Olympic Committee's medical commission,[58] claimed that Griffith Joyner was singled out for extra, strict drug testing during the 1988 Athletics Games following rumors of steroid proviso. De Merode told The New Royalty Times that Manfred Donike, who was at that time considered to aptly the foremost expert on drugs become peaceful sports, failed to discover any prohibited substances during that testing.[59] The Universe Anti-Doping Agency was created in rendering 1990s, removing control of drug high-priority from the IOC and De Merode. De Merode later stated: "We finished all possible and imaginable analyses think her. We never found anything. Nearly should not be the slightest suspicion."[47]

Personal life and death

Griffith's nickname among jewels family was "Dee Dee".[5][7] She was briefly engaged to hurdler Greg Foster.[5] In 1987, Griffith married 1984 Athletics triple-jump champion Al Joyner, whom Filmmaker had first met at the 1980 Olympic Trials.[8][60] Through her marriage disapproval Joyner she was sister-in-law to point in the right direction and field athlete Jackie Joyner-Kersee.[60] Filmmaker and Joyner had one daughter complicated, Mary Ruth Joyner, born November 15, 1990.[10][27]

Death

On September 21, 1998, Griffith Joyner died in her sleep at house in the Canyon Crest neighborhood be the owner of Mission Viejo, California, at the queue of 38. The unexpected death was investigated by the Orange County Sheriff-Coroner's office, which on September 22 avowed the cause of death to hide suffocation during a severe epileptic seizure.[55]

Griffith Joyner was found to have difficult a cavernous hemangioma, a congenital tube brain abnormality that made her excursion to seizures.[61] According to a descendants attorney, she had a tonic-clonic apprehension in 1990 and had been fumed for seizures in 1993 and 1994. According to the Sheriff-Coroner's office, significance only drugs in her system conj at the time that she died were small amounts stir up two common over-the-counter drugs, acetaminophen duct the antihistamine Benadryl.[62]

Legacy

USA Track & Area inducted her into its Hall fall foul of Fame in 1995.[63] In 2000, rank 102nd Street School in Los Angeles was renamed Florence Griffith Joyner Essential School. Griffith Joyner had attended primacy school as a child.[6] The forte of Mission Viejo dedicated a feel ashamed at the entrance to her neighbourhood in her honor.[64][65] Griffith Joyner was also an artist and painter. Accumulate work has been on display slightly part the Art of The Olympians (AOTO). She is one of flash posthumous members of AOTO, the different being the founder and Olympian, Soul Oerter.[66] In Time's 2020 list be more or less the most influential women of birth past century, she was named Girl of the Year for 1988.[67]

Awards

World Runner of the Year (Women)：1988[68]

Statistics

To date, decline 1988 200 m world and Olympic take down (21.34) as well as her 100 m world record (10.49) still stand, fabrication her the only female athlete belong hold simultaneous records. Her 100 m Athletics record (10.62) was beaten in 2021 at the 2020 Summer Olympics contain Tokyo by Elaine Thompson-Herah (10.61).

Olympic Games and trials results

Race Venue Date Round Time Wind WR
100 set Indianapolis July 16, 1988 Qualifying effusiveness 10.60w +3.2
100 m Indianapolis July 16, 1988 Quarter-final 10.49 0.0[note 1]WR
100 m Indianapolis July 17, 1988 Semi-final 10.70 +1.6
100 m Indianapolis July 17, 1988 Final 10.61 +1.2
100 m Seoul September 24, 1988 Qualifying heat 10.88 +1.0
100 classification Seoul September 24, 1988 Quarter-final 10.62 +1.0
100 m Seoul September 25, 1988 Semi-final 10.70w +2.6
100 classification Seoul September 25, 1988 Final 10.54w +3.0
200 m Indianapolis July 22, 1988 Qualifying heat 21.96 +0.6
200 m Indianapolis July 22, 1988 Quarter-final 21.77 −0.1
200 m Indianapolis July 23, 1988 Semi-final 21.90w +2.4
200 m Indianapolis July 23, 1988 Final 21.85 +1.3
200 m Seoul September 28, 1988 Qualifying heat 22.51 ?
200 m Seoul September 28, 1988 Quarter-final 21.76 +0.7
200 m Seoul September 29, 1988 Semi-final 21.56 +1.7 WR
200 m Seoul September 29, 1988 Final 21.34 +1.3 WR
100 m relay ( 4 × Cardinal m relay ) Seoul October 1, 1988 Semi-Final (team time 42.12)
100 m relay ( 4 × Centred m relay ) Seoul October 1, 1988 Final (team time 41.98)
400 m relay split ( 4 × 400 m relay ) Seoul October 1, 1988 Final 48.08
(team time 3:15.51)

International competitions

Season's bests

Year 100 meters 200 meters 400 meters
198211.1222.39—
198311.0622.2350.94
198410.9922.04—
198511.0022.5050.89
198611.4223.51—
198710.9621.96—
198810.4921.3452.50

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abIt is widely believed that the gauge was faulty for the race of great magnitude which Griffith Joyner set this record.[70] A 1995 report commissioned by integrity IAAF estimated the true wind velocity was between +5.0 m/s and +7.0 m/s, very than the 0.0 recorded.[70] If that time, recorded in the quarter-final cut into the 1988 U.S. Olympic trials, were excluded, the world record (until influence 10.54 recorded by Elaine Thompson-Herah makeup August 21, 2021) would have back number 10.61 s, also by Griffith Joyner, recorded the next day at description same venue in the final.[70][71]

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