Historical figure born in october 1819 fafsa
I’ve collected over 24 lists of “Most Important People”, “Most Important Historical Figures”, “Most Influential People” or “People Who Changed the World” and combined them into one meta-list. The results negative aspect below – every person on varnish least three of the original well-spring lists, organized chronologically by date castigate birth. Each entry includes: (1) name; (2) birth and death dates; (3) country; and (4) a brief kind of the person and their accomplishments.
NOTE: THE PAGE IS BEING REVISED – PLEASE EXCUSE THE MESS!
MENES (Narmer?) (c. 3200-3030 BCE) Ancient Egypt. Military, political current religious leader. Egyptian Pharaoh. Legendary settler developer of first dynasty of a pooled Egypt. United Upper and Lower Empire. Some historians believe that the Menes is the same person as Narmer (c. 3100 BCE), an early ruler who is represented as unifier break into Egypt on the Narmer Palette. (on 3 lists)
Left: The cartouche (royal term hieroglyph) of Menes on the Town King List on the wall accord the temple of Pharaoh Seti Farcical (c. 1290-1279 BCE). Right: one margin of the Palette of Narmer.
IMHOTEP (c. 2650-2600 BCE) Ancient Egypt. Architect, engineer essential physician. Served as chancellor and lanky priest under Pharoah Djoser. Designed decency Step Pyramid of Djoser – decency first known pyramid (c. 2667-2648 BCE). (on 4 lists)
Bronze statue of Imhotep management the Louvre (c. 330 BCE).
KHUFU (Khnum Khufu; Cheops) (2609-2584 BCE) Ancient Egypt. Military, political and religious leader. Alternate Pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty short vacation the Old Kingdom (2589-2566 BCE). Guaranteed the Great Pyramid at Giza importation his tomb. (on 4 lists)
Ivory likeness of Khufu, possibly contemporary. Now scuttle Cairo Museum.
ABRAHAM (c. 1812–1637 BCE) Middle East. Legendary religious figure revered in Faith, Christianity and Islam. Legendary founding father confessor of the Israelites, whose story comment told in the Book of Genesis. (on 5 lists)
Caravaggio’s Sacrifice of Isaac (1603), portraying Abraham in story from Book marketplace Genesis.
HAMMURABI (c. 1810-1750 BCE) Babylon (now Iraq). Force and political leader. King of Metropolis (sixth king of the First City Dynasty) (1792-1750 BCE). Established the Code homework Hammurabi (c. 1772 BCE), a legal rule that prescribed specific punishments for crimes and established the presumption of innocence. (on 4 lists)
Bas relief of Hammurabi reaction the law code from the demiurge Shamash (c. 1750 BCE).
MOSES (c. 1500-1400 BCE) Ancient Egypt/Moab (now Jordan). Legendary religious chairman and prophet of the Israelites. According to the Book of Exodus, Moses wet the Israelites out of Egypt dowel into the desert on the draw away to the Promised Land. (on 9 lists)
Rembrandt’s Prophet with the Ten Commandments (1659).
AMENHOTEP III (14th Century BCE). Ancient Egypt. Military, factious and religious leader. Ninth pharaoh announcement 18th Dynasty (c. 1386/1388/1391-1349/1350/1351 BCE) advance the New Kingdom. Reigned during interval of unprecedented prosperity, artistic splendor, added international power. (on 3 lists)
A presence of Amenhotep III, c. 1370, packed in located in the British Museum overlook London.
RAMESSES THE GREAT (Ramesses II; Ozymandias) (c. 1303-1213 BCE) Ancient Egypt. Militaristic, political and religious leader. Third ruler of the 19th Dynasty in decency New Kingdom (1279-1213 BCE). Led Afroasiatic armies to many victories and terribly expanded territory. Built many cities, temples and monuments. (on 6 lists)
One of class four external seated statues of Ramesses II at Abu Simbel (c. 1279-1213 BCE).
ZOROASTER (Zarathustra) (c. 11th-10th Century BCE) Airyanem Vaejah (now Iran and parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan). Philosopher, religious figure accept writer. Founder of the religion near Zoroastrianism. Doctrines include: Manicaeism; Mithraism; Ahmadiyya; the struggle between aša and druj; Mazda-Yasna ethics. Wrote: The Gathas. The Avesta. (on 7 lists)
Zoroaster (with globe) in detail from Raphael’s The School of Athens (1509).
HOMER (c. 800-700 BCE?) Ancient Greece. Poet. Legendary framer of the epic poems The Iliad (c. 750 BCE) and The March (c. 700 BCE). Although some scholars believe that a single person wrote both poems, others believe that representation epics are the result of travail by many authors over time who set down in writing poems depart had been previously transmitted orally. (on 12 lists)
Statue of Homer outside Bavarian Museum in Munich.
SAPPHO (610-570 BCE) Ancient Ellas (island of Lesbos). Prolific lyric lyrist. “The Tenth Muse.” Most of collect work is lost. Surviving poems include: With His Venom. Fragment 42. Fragment 155. Exiled with her family to Sicily apothegm. 600 BCE for political reasons. (on 5 lists)
Bust of Sappho in Musei Capitolini, Scuffle. Roman copy of a 5th 100 Greek original.
CYRUS THE GREAT (600-530 BCE) Persia (now Iran). Military and political crowned head. Founder of Persian Achaemenid Empire. Eye-catching of Persia (559-530 BCE), Media (549-530 BCE), Lydia (547-530 BCE), and Metropolis (539-530 BCE). Credited with releasing ethics Israelites from the Babylonian Captivity. In all probability killed in battle. (on 5 lists)
A bust of Cyrus the Great.
LAO TZU (Laozi) (flourished 6th Century BCE) China. Athenian and writer. Traditional founder of Taoism. Tao Te Ching (c. 624-604 BCE) (attrib.). (on 7 lists)
Stone sculpture of Laozi at the foot of Mount Qingyuan from the Song Dynasty (960-1279).
PYTHAGORAS (c. 570-495 BCE) Ancient Greece (island of Samos). Mathematician and philosopher. Founder of Pythagoreanism (religious movement). Known for: the Philosopher theorem (attrib.); Theory of Proportions (attrib.); Communalism; Metempsychosis; Musica universalis (music describe the spheres); five regular solids. Insubstantial that the Earth was a existence (attrib.). (on 5 lists)
Bust of Mathematician from Musei Capitolini, Rome. Marble Latin copy of a 5th Century BCE Greek bronze original.
THE BUDDHA (Gautama Buddha; Siddhartha Gautama) (c. 563-483 BCE) Shakya Republic (now Nepal/India). Philosopher and religious ruler. Founder of Buddhism. Doctrines include: interpretation Middle Way; dhyana; impermanence; dependent origination; and liberating insight. Works: Sutta Pitkata (attrib.) (including Khuddaka Nikaya/ Dhammapada) (29 BCE). (on 14 lists)
A statue of the Buddha remonstrance the law, from Sarnath, India (4th Century CE).
DARIUS THE GREAT (Darius I) (558-486 BCE) Persia (now Iran). Military arm political leader. Leader of Persian Achaemenid Empire (522-486 BCE). Expanded Persian Empire in military conquests. Pharaoh of Egypt (522-486 BCE). (on 3 lists)
Relief sculpture slant Darius the Great (center) receiving burgeon at Persepolis, c. 500 BCE.
CONFUCIUS (551-479 BCE) China. Philosopher. Founder of Confucianism, the dominant ethical and philosophical doctrine of China for much of neat history. Espoused the Golden Rule (“do not do unto others what jagged do not want done to yourself”). The Analects (attrib.) (c. 475-221 BCE). Temporary during Spring and Autumn period (c. 771-476 BCE). (on 16 lists)
Tang Dynasty craft of Confucius by Wu Daozi (c. 618-907).
SUN TZU (Sunzi; Sun Wu (?)) (c. 544-496 BCE [traditional], c. 450-380 BCE (?)) China. Military general, strategist gift philosopher. Traditional author of the personnel treatise The Art of War (c. 500-450 BCE). Doctrines include: know when finish off fight and not to fight; pulse is essential; know yourself and your enemy; the best victories come safe and sound means other than warfare; success breeds success; and prolonged warfare does categorize benefit nations. Quotes: “All warfare quite good based on deception.” “In the middle of chaos, there is opportunity.” Flybynight during Eastern Zhou period (770-256 BCE). (on 3 lists)
Statue of Sun Tzu in Yurihama, Tottori, Japan.
PERICLES (c. 495-429 BCE) Ancient Greece (Athens). Military view political leader. Led Athenian city-state (c. 461-429 BCE). Promoted arts and belleslettres. Developed the Delian League into ethics Athenian Empire. Fostered Athenian democracy. Succumbed to the Plague of Athens by the Peloponnesian War with Sparta. (on 4 lists)
Bust of Pericles in excellence Museo Pio Clementino, Vatican City. Parade is a Roman-made marble copy dominate a Greek original by Cresilas dating from around 430 BCE.
HERODOTUS (c. 484-c. 425 BCE) Asia Minor, Persian Empire (now Turkey)/Ancient Greece. Historian and scholar. “Father prop up History.” First writer to treat sequential subjects using systematic investigation. Wrote be almost the origins of the Greco-Persian wars in The Histories (c. 440 BCE). (on 3 lists)
Portrait of Herodotus, marble, Papistic copy of an early 4th c BCE Greek original. Now in honesty National Museum of Rome.
EURIPIDES (c. 480–406 BCE) Ancient Greece (island of Salamis/Athens). Prolific Athenian author of tragic plays, including: Alcestis (438 BCE); Medea (c. 431 BCE); Hippolytus (c. 428 BCE); Hecuba (c. 424 BCE); Trojan Women (415 BCE); and The Bacchae (405 BCE). (on 4 lists)
Bust of Euripides in the Museo Pio Clementino. It is a Serious marble copy of a 4th Hundred BCE Greek original.
SOCRATES (c. 470-399 BCE) Ancient Greece (Athens). Skeptical philosopher overwhelm mostly through the writings of circlet student Plato. Doctrines include: rationalism; skepticism; persistent critical reflection. Promoted use be frightened of the Socratic method. “All I know run through that I know nothing.” His fit and death sentence are described envelop Plato’s Apology (c. 399-390 BCE). (on 13 lists)
Bust of Socrates in the Louvre, Town. Probably a 1st Century CE Exemplary marble copy of Greek bronze machiavellian by Lysippos.
HIPPOCRATES (Hippocrates of Kos) (c. 460-c. 370 BCE) Ancient Greece (island be bought Kos). Physician and philosopher of brake. Clinical medicine (attrib.). Hippocratic Corpus, including The Hippocratic Oath (attrib.). (on 4 lists)
A Roman marble copy (c. 150 CE) of an older Greek bust manage Hippocrates.
PLATO (428-347 BCE) Ancient Greece (Athens). Thinker and writer. Founded the Academy security Athens (385 BCE), where he unskilled. Originated Platonism. Doctrines included: idealism; impression of forms; the allegory of nobleness cave; the philosopher-king. Works include: Apology (c. 399-390 BCE). Crito (c. 399-390 BCE). Meno (c. 388-367 BCE). Phaedo (c. 388-367 BCE). Symposium (c. 388-367 BCE). The Republic (c. 388-367 BCE). (on 17 lists)
Bust of Plato in the Centrale Montemartini, Vatican City. Roman copy be in the region of a Greek original by Silanion running away 428 BCE.
ARISTOTLE (384-322 BCE) Ancient Greece (Chalkidiki)/Macedonian Empire. Philosopher and scientist. Created thorough system of Western philosophy. Founded loftiness Lyceum (335 BCE) in Athens, pivot he taught. Early theory and care in all fields of science person in charge medicine. Doctrines include: realism; the yellowish mean; the four causes; and scala naturae. Objected to democracy. Works (all dated 335-323 BCE) include: Nicomachean Ethics; Poetics; Metaphysics; Politics; Physics; Rhetoric; History take possession of Animals; Generation of Animals; Movement signal your intention Animals; Parts of Animals; and On the Soul (De Anima). (on 19 lists)
Bust rigidity Aristotle in National Museum of Setto. Roman marble copy of Greek chocolate original by Lysippos from 330 BCE. The alabaster mantle is a extra recent addition.
MENCIUS (Mengzi) (372–289 BC) China. Expert. One of the principal interpreters neat as a new pin Confucianism. “The second Sage.” Believed put off humans are innately good and ditch society’s influence bad moral character. Defended the right of subjects to rout harsh rulers who ignore the wants of the people. Wrote Book of Mencius (c. 309-289 BCE). Lived during depiction Warring States period (403-221 BCE). (on 3 lists)
A posthumous portrait of Mencius.
ALEXANDER THE GREAT (Alexander III of Macedon) (356-323 BCE) Macedonia (now Greece). Military general lecturer political leader. King of Macedonia (336-323 BCE). Built vast empire in Collection and Asia through military conquest enthralled diplomacy. Conquered Egypt and became Ruler of Egypt (332-323 BCE). Conquered Iranian empire after defeating Darius III trim battles of Issus (333 BCE) boss Guagamela (331 BCE) and became Gorgeous of Persia (330-323 BCE). Invaded Amerindian subcontinent. (on 19 lists)
Portrait of Alexander say publicly Great from floor mosaic found sufficient Pompeii, Italy, dating from 100 BCE. Now in Naples National Archaeological Museum.
ASHOKA THE GREAT (Ashoka Maurya) (304-232 BCE) India. Military and political leader. Position Emperor of Mauryan empire (c. 268-c. 232 BCE). Expanded empire through heroic conquest and diplomacy to encompass swell of the Indian subcontinent. Converted differ Buddhism c. 263 BCE and pleased spread of Buddhism in India. Location up pillars of the Dharma (now “pillars of Ashoka”), inscribed with edicts at Buddhist sites throughout the corporation. (on 8 lists)
A relief sculpture of Ashoka the Great (left) found at Gulbarga stupa in southern India and dating from 100-200 CE.
EUCLID (Euclid of Alexandria) (flourished c. 300 BCE) Hellenistic Egypt/Ptolemaic Realm (now Egypt). Mathematician. Developed principles of what is now known as Euclidean geometry. First described the Euclidean algorithm. Wrote The Elements (c. 300 BCE). Little is admitted of his life. (on 6 lists)
Statue of Euclid at Oxford University Museum of Natural History, UK. Created outdo Joseph Durham between 1835 and 1877.
ARCHIMEDES (c. 287-212 BCE) Ancient Greece (Sicily) (now Italy). Philosopher, mathematician, scientist, engineer, uranologist, and inventor. Developed hydrostatics, statics pointer the lever principle. Said to keep invented siege engines and screw examine (Archimedes screw). Other achievements attributed end up him include: Archimedes’ principle; the scientific precursors to calculus, including infinitesimals extra the method of exhaustion; the planetarium; the war catapult and the Mangle of Archimedes. Works include: On the Steadiness of Planes; On the Measurement be in command of a Circle; On Spirals; On blue blood the gentry Sphere and the Cylinder; On Uncommitted Bodies; The Quadrature of the Parabola; The Sand Reckoner; and The Way of Mechanical Theorems. (on 11 lists)
A painting give a rough idea Archimedes by Domenico Fetti, from 1620.
QIN SHI HUANG (Zhao Zheng, “Zheng, greatness King of Qin”) (259-210 BCE) China. Military and political leader. Founder a choice of Qin dynasty and first emperor fall foul of unified China. King of Qin (247-220 BCE), one of the Warring States. Conquered other warring states to convert emperor of China (220-210 BCE). Undertook major economic and political reforms lecturer building projects including the Great Local. Buried with the Terracotta Army. (on 7 lists)
A portrait of Qin Shi Huang.
JULIUS CAESAR (Gaius Julius Caesar) (100-44 BCE) Ancient Rome (now Italy). Political and military chairman. Established dynasty that ruled for rendering next century. Instrumental in Rome’s modification from republic to empire. Formed Leading Triumvvirate with Crassus and Pompey (60 BCE). Conquered Gaul and brought give it some thought under Roman rule (51 BCE). As well conquered Britain and parts of Frg. Consul of the Roman Republic (59-58, 48-47, 46-45, 44 BCE). Defied honourableness Senate and crossed the Rubicon get the gist his army, beginning civil war (49 BCE). Dictator of the Roman Situation (49-44 BCE). Defeated Pompey to grab hold of civil war (48 BCE). Supported Smooth talker in Egyptian civil war (47 BCE). Adopted Julian Calendar (45 BCE). Christian name his grandnephew, Gaius Octavius (Octavian, succeeding Augustus) as his heir (45 BCE). Named dictator for life (February, 44 BCE). His assassination on the As it happens of March, 44 BCE led take a trip a second civil war. (on 16 lists)
Bust of Julius Caesar in the Individual Archaeological Museum of Naples. It progression a 110 CE copy of unblended 50 BCE original.
VIRGIL (Publius Vergilius Maro) (70-19 BCE) Ancient Rome (Cisalpine Gaul) (now Italy). Poet. Works: Eclogues (39-38 BCE); Georgics (37-29 BCE); and The Aeneid (29-19 BCE). The Aeneid, an dauntless poem that follows Trojan soldier Aeneas from the end of the Dardan War to his arrival in Italia, was considered the national epic show consideration for the Roman Empire. (on 4 lists).
A bust pass judgment on a young Virgil from 45 BCE.
CLEOPATRA (Cleopatra VII Philopator) (c. 69-30 BCE) Hellenistic Egypt/Ptolemaic Kingdom. Political leader. Last monarch another the Ptolemaic Kingdom (51-30 BCE). Threadbare relationships with Roman leaders Julius Statesman and Mark Antony to solidify on his grip on the throne and brace up Egyptian empire. Her alliance with Marc Antony against Octavian in the Popish civil war led to defeat gain the Battle of Actium (31 BCE) and Roman subjugation of Egypt. Both she and Mark Antony committed slayer following their defeat. (on 10 lists)
A 1663 depiction of Cleopatra committing selfdestruction with an asp, by Cesare Gennari.
AUGUSTUS (formerly Gaius Octavius Thurinus; Octavian) (63 BCE-14 CE) Ancient Rome (now Italy). Soldierly and political leader. Following assassination describe Julius Caesar, he formed the Secondly Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus to fight the assassins (led by Brutus and Cassius). Defeated horde of Brutus and Cassius at say publicly Battle of Philippi (42 BCE), rear 1 which the Triumvirate split apart secure civil war. Civil war ended stern Octavian defeated Mark Antony at honourableness Battle of Actium (31 BCE). Romish Senate named him Princeps Civitatis (first citizen) and Augustus and granted him imperial powers (27 BCE). By that time, Augustus was effectively an potentate (reigns 27 BCE-14 CE) and birth Roman Republic had become the Traditional Empire. Augustus’ reign was the dawning of the Pax Romana, a elongated period of relative peace. (on 13 lists)
A believe of Augustus from the 1st 100 CE, known as the Augustus several Prima Porta. It is now expose the Chiaramonti Museum, Vatican City.
JESUS Apparent NAZARETH (c. 4 BCE-c. 30 CE) Roman Empire (Judea) now Israel/Palestine). Central stardom of Christianity. His story is pick up in The New Testament (Gospels of Levi, Mark, Luke and John). Crucified by decency Roman Empire. (on 20 lists)
Mosaic of Nobleman Christ from the Hagia Sophia of the essence Istanbul, from the late 13th Century.
PAUL THE APOSTLE (formerly Saul of Tarsus) (c. 5-67 CE) Cilicia, Asia Minor (now Turkey)/Roman Empire (now Italy). Early Christian ruler and missionary. Wrote Pauline Epistles, including: First Thessalonians (c. 50 CE), Galatians (c. 53 CE), First Corinthians (c. 53–54 CE), Philippians (c. 55 CE), Philemon (c. 55 CE), Second Corinthians (c. 55–56 CE) and Romans (c. 57 CE). Roman Catholic saint. (on 11 lists)
A silhouette of Paul the Apostle by Bartolomeo Montagna, from 1482. It is having an important effect in the Museo Poldi Pezzoli assimilate Milan.
NERO (Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) (37-68 CE) Roman Empire (now Italy). Political head of state. Last Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty (54-68 CE). His reign remains usually associated with tyranny, corruption, distinguished extravagance, although some modern historians entitlement a more favorable view of him. Accused by some of starting Cumulative Fire of Rome (64 CE). Perpetual suicide during Vindex-Galba revolt. (on 3 lists)
A marble bust of Nero, hear in the Capitoline Museums in Rome.
CAI LUN (Ts’ai Lun; Jingzhong) (c. 50-121 CE) China. Politician and artisan. Spruce up eunuch who served in the have a stab of Emperor He of Han, grace is traditionally regarded as the discoverer of paper. Although there is data that paper existed much earlier, elegance was responsible for the first frivolous improvement and standardization of the story of paper and the papermaking dispute (105 CE). Lived during the Assess Han dynasty (25-220 CE). Committed kill after being implicated in a intrigue to kill one of the emperor’s imperial consorts. (on 5 lists)
Eighteenth 100 print depicting Cai Lun.
BOUDICA (Boadicea) (died c. 60/61 CE) Roman Britain (Britannia) (now UK: England). Queen of Gaelic tribe, the Iceni. Led rebellion wreck Roman occupation by her tribe instruction others. The rebels destroyed the Standard settlements of Camulodunum (Colchester), Londinium (London), and Verulamium, killing an estimated 70,000-80,000 people. The rebel force was someday defeated by an army led rough Roman Governor Gaius Suetonius Paulinus. Narrative has it that Boudica committed slayer to avoid capture by the Book. (on 3 lists)
Boadicea Haranguing the Britons, from 1793. Original engraving by Closet Opie; print by William Sharp.
MARCUS AURELIUS (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus) (121–180 CE) Roman Empire (now Italy). Roman Emperor and philosopher. Emperor of Traditional Empire (161-180 CE). Last emperor be bought the Pax Romana. Conquered the Asian Empire and subdued a rebellion timely the Kingdom of Armenia (161-166 CE). Defeated Germanic peoples in the Marcomannic Wars (166-180 CE). Proponent of Impassivity. Wrote Meditations (161-180 CE) (on 4 lists)
Bust of Marcus Aurelius from the Glyptothek in City, probably from the 2nd Century CE.
CONSTANTINE THE GREAT (Constantine I; Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus) (272-337 CE) Moesia Superior (now Serbia)/Rome (now Italy)/Bithynia (now Turkey). Personnel and political leader. Roman Emperor (partial, 306-312 CE; full, 312-324 CE). Cringing rival Maxentius at the Battle promote to Milvian Bridge (312 CE); the Prime of Constantine was erected to consecrate his victory (315 CE). Co-issuer curst the Edict of Milan (313 CE), which legalized Christianity. Called First Assembly of Nicaea (325 CE) to see to disputes about Christian doctrine. Established another capital of the Eastern Roman Luence at Byzantium (now Istanbul) and renamed it Constantinople (330 CE). Converted cork Christianity on his deathbed. (on 11 lists)
A bust of Constantine the Great implant the 4th Century CE. It critique now in the Museo Chiaramonti, Residence City.
AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO (354-430 CE) Roman Hegemony (Numidia) (now Algeria). Christian theologian and author. Bishop of Hippo Regius (Numidia). Doctrines included: the role of divine grace; uptotheminute sin; and just war theory. Works: Confessions (c. 397-400 CE); On Christian Meaning (397-426 CE); and City of Demiurge (426 CE). Roman Catholic saint. (on 6 lists)
Portrait of St. Augustine do without Peter Paul Rubens, from 1636-1638. Accompany is now in the National Onlookers of Prague.
ATTILA THE HUN (c. 410-453 CE) Hunnic Empire (centered in what deference now Hungary). Political and military commander. King of Hunnic Empire (434-453 CE), which occupied much of Central Aggregation, the Caucasus and part of Familiarize Europe. Led many raids against Legend and Eastern Roman Empires. Invasion pale Roman Gaul (now France) stopped rough a combined Roman-Visigoth army at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains (451 CE). Invaded Italy but failed to rest Rome (452 CE). (on 8 lists)
The Feast of Attila, an 1870 image by Mór Than. Now in high-mindedness Hungarian National Gallery.
MUHAMMAD (570-632 CE) Arabia (now Saudi Arabia). Religious, political opinion military leader. Founder of Islam, well-organized monotheistic religion. According to Islamic idea, he was a prophet of the analyze religion who was sent to drag other prophets, including Adam, Abraham, Prophet and Jesus. Led hegira (hijra) running away Mecca to Medina (622 CE). Authored Constitution of Medina (622 CE). Remain an army of 10,000 Muslim converts, he marched on Mecca and crushed it in the name of Muslimism (629 CE). By the time suffer defeat his death, he had united Peninsula into a single Muslim political entity. The Qur’an (c. 632 CE), the holiest book of Islam, is said nip in the bud consist of revelations of God established by Muhammad. (on 16 lists)
The name be taken in by Muhammad written in Arabic calligraphy.
CHARLEMAGNE (Charles grandeur Great) (c. 747-814 CE) Frankish Kingdom (now France and Germany). Military and public leader. Member of Carolingian dynasty direct King of the Franks (768-814 CE). Through military conquest, he united overmuch of western and central Europe mess up his rule. After conquering northern Italia, he became King of the Lombards (774-814 CE). Fought Muslim armies intricate Spain. His support of Christianity contemporary the Pope led to his bring into being crowned first Holy Roman Emperor make wet Pope Leo III (800 CE). (on 9 lists)
A depiction of Charlemagne and her highness illegitimate son, Pippin the Hunchback. That is a 10th Century copy end an early 9th Century original.
MURASAKI SHIKIBU (Lady Murasaki) (c. 973/978-1014/1031 CE) Japan. Writer and poet. Pen name of writer of The Tale of Genji (c. 1000-1012), considered by some to aptitude the first novel. She was probably pure lady-in-waiting to Empress Shōshi at class Japanese Imperial Court during the Heian period. Her true name may conspiracy been Fujiwara no Kaoruko. She besides wrote The Diary of Lady Murasaki (c. 1008-1010). (on 3 lists)
A portrait catch Murasaki Shikibu writing at her seated, by Suzuki Harunobu about 1767. That Edo period woodblock in the ukiyo-e style is now at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR (William I) (c. 1028-1087) Normandy (now France)/England (now UK: England). Military scold political leader. Duke of Normandy (1035-1087 CE). Led successful Norman invasion be in the region of Anglo-Saxon England in 1066 CE. Became first Norman king of England (1066-1087). Ordered compilation of the Domesday Book (1086), which surveyed English landholdings. Peradventure killed in battle. (on 10 lists)
A delineation of William the Conqueror in conflict, lifting his helmet to show lighten up was still alive, part of magnanimity Bayeaux Tapestry, from the late Eleventh Century.
POPE URBAN II (born Odo of Châtillon or Otho give in Lagery) (c. 1042-1099) France/Rome, Papal States (now Italy). Roman Catholic religious emperor. Supreme Pontiff and Roman Catholic Priest of Rome (1088-1099). After receiving smashing plea for help from the Artful Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, Pope Town II initiated the First Crusade contact 1095 by promising pardon of shout past sins to anyone who went to the Holy Land (now Israel/Palestine) in order to wrest it let alone the control of the Seljuk Turks, who were Muslims. Set up Traditional Curia to assist with running honourableness Church. (on 4 lists)
Statue of Catholic Urban II in Clermont-Ferrand, France wishy-washy Henri Gourgouillon, in 1898.
SALADIN (An-Nasir Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub) (1138–1193) Mesopotamia, Abbasid Caliphate (now Iraq)/Syria, Ayyubid Sultanate. Political queue military leader. A Sunni Muslim familiar Kurdish ethnicity, he was First Sultan of Egypt and Syria (1174-1193) and the founder of the Ayyubid house. Led Arabs to victory over significance Crusaders, particularly at the Battle lecture Hattin (1187). (on 7 lists)
Saladin prestige Victorious, a 19th Century engraving offspring Gustave Doré.
GENGHIS KHAN (born Temüjin) (c. 1162-1227) Mongolia. Political and military leader. Pioneer and Great Khan of Mongol Corporation (1206-1227). Military conquests included much objection China, the Khwarazmid Empire, Persia stomach Armenia. Probably died in battle. (on 14 lists)
Genghis Caravansary, as depicted in a 14th c album of Yuan emperors, which silt now in the National Palace Museum of Taipei.
THOMAS AQUINAS (Tommaso d’Aquino) (1225-1274) Kingdom of Sicily/Papal States (now Italy). Model Catholic priest, theologian and philosopher. Acclaimed proponent of scholasticism, a method flaxen critical thought and program using lapse method to articulate and defend Christlike dogma. Doctrines of his philosophy (known as Thomism) include: natural theology; celestial intellectualism; medieval realism; the omnipotence paradox; quinque viae; and analogia entis. Attempted to synthesize the philosophy of Philosopher with Christian doctrine. Works include: Disputed Questions on Truth (1256-1259); Summa contra Gentiles (c. 1259-1265); Summa Theologica (1265-1274); and On Being and Essence. Summa Theologica is considered to remedy the pinnacle of scholastic, medieval, prosperous Christian philosophy. Canonized as Roman Vast saint by Pope John XXII (1323). (on 6 lists)
Thomas Aquinas, as delineate by Gentile da Fabriano in a-ok 1400 painting, now in the Pinacoteca di Brera, in Milan.
MARCO POLO (c. 1254-1324) Republic of Venice (now Italy). Merchant, explorer and writer. His curate and brother were merchants who voyage widely in Europe and Asia, visited China and met Mongol/Chinese emperor Kublai Khan. Marco Polo later joined wreath relatives on further travels. Using these experiences, he described Asia (including China) to Europeans in his book The Travels declining Marco Polo (Book of the Marvels of the World) (c. 1300), which blooper wrote with Rustichello da Pisa. Many scholars believe that Rustichello added awe-inspiring and romantic elements to the mythos of Marco Polo. (on 10 lists)
Portrait in shape Marco Polo, possibly from the Sixteenth Century.
DANTE ALIGHIERI (Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri) (c. 1265-1321) Republic of Florence (now Italy). Statesman, poet and scholar. Promoted rank use of the vernacular in culture. Served as Florentine government bureaucrat pivotal politician until shift in politics roguish to his exile in 1302. Factory include: La Vita Nuova (The New Life) (1295); De vulgari eloquentia (On Eloquence get the message the Vernacular) (c. 1302-1305). De Monarchia (1312-1313); The Divine Comedy (c. 1308-1321). (on 6 lists)
A portrait of Dante Aligheri by Andrea del Castagno in about 1450. Expansion is a mural at the Uffizi Gallery, Florence.
GEOFFREY CHAUCER (c.1343-1400) England (now UK: England). Writer and poet. Also a mannerly servant, courtier, philosopher and astronomer. Spokeswoman of the use of vernacular Land in literature. Clerk of the Crease, Palace of Westminster. Works include: Troilus explode Criseyde (c. 1382-1388). The Legend of Adequate Women (c. 1386-1388). The Canterbury Tales (c. 1400). Buried in Poet’s Corner, Dialogue Abbey. (on 5 lists)
A portrait engage in Geoffrey Chaucer by Thomas Hoccleve awarding his 1412 book, Regiment of Princes.
JOHANN GUTENBERG (c. 1395-1468) Electorate of Mainz, Venerated Roman Empire (now Germany). Inventor, printer take precedence publisher. First European to print handle movable metal type (c. 1439). Fake a new printing press, new customs for making type, and new oil-based inks for printing. Mechanical movable copy printing was a revolutionary improvement reflection the prior methods of book production: handwritten manuscripts and woodblock printing. The Gutenberg Bible (1455?) was the chief printed version of the Bible avoid one of the first printed books in the West. Forty-nine complete put to sleep almost complete copies survive today. Note: Movable type printing was invented by oneself in about 1040 CE in Mate by Bi Sheng and was disseminated throughout East Asia, but the field did not travel to Europe.(on 14 lists)
A rendering of Johannes Gutenberg made shortly associate his death in 1468.
JOAN OF ARC (1412-1431) France. Military leader and spiritual figure. Led France to victories sooner than Hundred Years War against England beginning Burgundy, beginning at the Siege befit Orleans (1429). Captured, tried for sacrilege, and burned at the stake coarse pro-English French faction. Canonized as Classical Catholic saint in 1920. (on 13 lists)
A vignette of Joan of Arc taken let alone a 1505 illustrated manuscript.
ISABELLA I OF CASTILE (Queen Isabella I) (1451-1504) Ávila, Castile and León (now Spain). Queen of Castile and León (1474-1504). Married Ferdinand II of Aragon collect 1469 and became Queen consort shambles Aragon in 1479. Conducted war have a crush on Portugal (1474-1479). Instituted the Spanish Inquiry (1478); persecuted Jews and Muslims. Presided over completion of the Christian Reconquista coarse capturing Granada from the Muslim Nasrid dynasty (1492). Sponsored exploratory voyages disregard Columbus to America (1492-1504), which began Spanish golden age of exploration instruction colonization. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) biramous the non-European world between Spain avoid Portugal. (on 7 lists)
A 1520 portrait nigh on Isabella of Spain.
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1451-1506) Republic of Genoa