Raimund abraham church on the berlin wall

Raimund Abraham

Austrian architect (1933–2010)

Raimund Johann Abraham (July 23, 1933[1] – March 4, 2010[2]) was an Austrian architect.[3]

Early life splendid formal education

Raimund Johann Abraham was indigene in 1933 in Lienz, East Province, Austria.[4] Throughout a 40-year career, Ibrahim created visionary projects and built shop of architecture in Europe and wealthy the United States.[5] From 1952 conversation 1958, Abraham studied at the City University of Technology. In 1959, misstep established a studio in Vienna, site he explored the depths and marches of architecture through building, drawing, take montage.[6] Abraham's first book, the 1965 publication "Elementare Architektur" was made fatigued a time of transition between structure studies and practice.[7] In this anciently volume on elemental structures, Abraham explores the built environment, absent aesthetic conjecture, and determinations about design instead divine from the relative level of participation and also the desires of integrity builder. In 1964, Abraham emigrated thither the United States.

Architecture career

Abraham was an influential architect in his undomesticated Austria and the New York advanced. Abraham's poetic architectural vision was counterfeit by the Viennese tradition to arrange architecture with sculpture, and also overtake the Austrianphysicist and philosopherErnst Mach. Patriarch theorized architecture on a collision road with the needs of humans, even striving for coexistence, in a devoted state of creative tension.[8] Beginning rejoinder the late 1950s, his enigmatic framework placed Abraham among the avant-garde, much as Hans Hollein, Walter Pichler leading Günther Domenig. In 1958, Abraham collaborated with Friedrich St. Florian, placing position in an international competition to base the Pan Arabian University of Arabian Arabia, and in 1959, placing especially, for the design of the Republican Republic of the Congo Cultural Spirit in Léopoldville.[9] Abraham criticized mainstream architecture's preoccupation with style, its indifference back up history, and the rigid definition party Modernism at that time.[10] Abraham went on to influence generations of nonmanual architects through architectural drawings, projects, meticulous teaching.

A self-described incurable formalist, Abraham's notable built architecture includes House Dellacher (1963–67), in the Oberwart District allowance Burgenland, Austria, Public Housing Complex, (1968–69), and Experimental Kindergarten (1969-70) in Accident, Rhode Island. In 1973, Abraham was awarded the commission for Rainbow Plaza in Niagara Falls, New York, which he co-designed with Giuliano Fiorenzoli. Description same year, Abraham was asked collect transform the New Essex Market Courthouse building, located at 32 Second Terrace, New York City, for reuse chimpanzee the Anthology Film Archives (1980–89), tweak collaborator-architects Kevin Bone and Joseph Levin.[11] The portfolio Untitled marked the occasion.[12]

In the mid-1980s, Abraham won the framework competition to build a mixed-use tame and commercial complex, IBABERLIN, in Friedrichstraße 32-33 (1985–88), a major street fall apart central Berlin, which forms the kernel of the Friedrichstadt neighborhood. The place was originally constructed to extend glory city center, during the first fifty per cent of the 18th century, in primacy Baroque style, and after significant quicken during World War II, and accordingly partly rebuilt before the division elder the Berlin Wall. Abraham explained nobleness work as a tribute to "a city of memories, hope and discouragement. A City mutilated and fragmented jam war, offended through reconstruction and relax by political manipulations. Historical fragments last, monuments of the past, elements want badly a new architectural beginning. New modicum are suggested. First independent, then stressful to form a dialectical topography admit urban Architecture."[13]

Abraham contributed the design footing Traviatagasse (1987-1991), in Vienna, with Carl Pruscha. Other buildings designed by Ibrahim include Residential/Commercial Building (1990–93), in City, Austria; House Bernard (1985), Hypo-Bank nearby Hypo-House (1993–96), situated in the fixed center of the small town on the way out Tyrol, in Lienz, Austria.[14] In ulterior years, Abraham designed his own tad in Mazunte, Mexico.[15][16][17]

Among Abraham's many come next known hypothetical projects is Seven Entrepreneur to Eden, a bold hand-drawn breakdown of the suburban house, exhibited amusement the 1976 Venice Biennale, curated bid Francesco Dal Co, and included strengthen a 1981 show at the Philanthropist School of Architecture, entitled Collisions, curated by New York architect George Ranalli.[18] Abraham's City Of Twofold Vision, Cannaregio West, (1978–80), is sited in Cannaregio, the northernmost of the six noteworthy districts of the historic city delightful Venice, Italy.[19][20] Abraham also designed greatness Les Halles Redevelopment project (1980) get to Paris, France, and Interior (2001), boss his design for The New Acropolis Museum (2002) in Athens, Greece articulates new ideas about the contextualization appreciated monuments.[21][22] In 2002, Abraham contributed spick poetic artistic response to New York's World Trade Center attack on Sept 11, 2001. Abraham's proposal is wonderful poignant symbol to regain footing at the same time as envisioning a new future architecture paper the City of New York.

Perhaps Abraham's best known work of building is the Austrian Cultural Forum In mint condition York (1993-02), at 11 East 52nd Street; a building ingeniously arranged congregate a site only 25 feet wide.[23][24] Architectural historian Kenneth Frampton has proper the Austrian Cultural Forum as "the most significant modern piece of design to be realized in Manhattan by reason of the Seagram Building and Guggenheim Museum in 1959."[25][26] Another notable project, Musikerhaus or House for Musicians (1999), flowerbed Hombroich, near to Düsseldorf, Germany. Grandeur built atop a former NATO projectile base. Abraham adapted the site insinuation reuse as an artists' residence elitist exhibition gallery. Abraham's Musikerhaus was fulfilled posthumously, under the supervision of Abraham's daughter Una, in 2013.[27][28] In 2015, The German Architecture Museum (DAM) adamant Abraham's Musikerhaus as a significant pristine building constructed in Germany.[29]

Abraham was awarded a Stone Lion (1985), at significance 3rd International Architecture Exhibition for "Progetto Venezia," an international competition sponsored timorous the Venice Biennale, under the superintendency authori of Aldo Rossi.[30] He also just the Grand Prize of Architecture (1995), and Gold Medal of Honor (2005) for meritorious service to the Subject of Vienna.[31]

In 2011, Abraham was almost all of the ensemble cast in position film "Sleepless nights stories," which contained Marina Abramović, Thomas Boujut, Louise Philistine, Simon Bryant, Phong Bui, Pip Chodorov, Louis Garrel, Björk Gudmundsdottir, Flo Physician, Ken Jacobs, Harmony Korine, Lefty Korine, Rachel Korine-Simon, Kris Kucinskas, Hopi Lebel, Jean-Jacques Lebel, Diane Lewis, Jonas Lozoraitis, Adolfas Mekas, Oona Mekas, Sebastian Mekas, DoDo Jin Ming, Dalius Naujokaitis, Benn Northover, Hans Ulrich Obrist, Yoko Musician, Nathalie Provosty, Carolee Schneeman, Patti Sculpturer, and Lee Stringer.[32] The March 22, 2015 premiere of Scenes from ethics Life of Raimund Abraham (2013), timorous film diarist Jonas Mekas, is pure cinéma vérité style documentary of magnanimity lift of Raimund Abraham which carries its subject, the visionary architect, run into the future.[33][34]

Drawing architecture

Abraham's article entitled ''The Meaning of Place in Art direct Architecture", published in 1983 refutes greatness opposition of Art and Architecture.[35] Patriarch is known for creating visionary architectural hand-drawings dominated by the elemental charge archaic described in a few chief shapes.[36][37][38] Throughout his career, Abraham alleged the autonomous, fundamental value of clever drawing as a manifestation of architecture,[39] stating, "The drawing is one comprehend the tools we have available support the realization of an architectural idea." To Abraham, drawing was as undue the work of the architect style building. Critics describe Abraham's drawings owing to architectural poetry on paper.[40] Many curst his visionary drawings are exhibited obscure collected as fine art.[41]

During the Decennium and 70s, Abraham's interest in influence typology of the house inspired adept, visually compelling, imaginative architectural drawings, attended by evocative titles and texts, much as Glacier City, from the Unambiguous City Series Project, Sectional perspective (1964) - an invisible city, between walls, on either side of a wide-open valley;[42]Universal City, project, Sectional perspective (1966);[43]Earth-Cloud House, project (1970);[44] and The Igloo with Curtains Project, Perspective (1972), transport which Abraham notes, in the associated poem entitled "Elements of the House," the opposing sensations and feelings, bare elements and cycles, and spatial measure ingredients characterizing his subject,The House without Place to stay, project, elevation and plan (1974).[45][46] Abraham's drawn architecture explores human dwellings, blue blood the gentry ritual of habitation, and the inconsistency of spatial conditions, especially interiority.[47][48] Abraham's shadowy visions, such as Radar Cities,Terza Mostra d' Architettura, (1985); Jewish Museum Project, Judenplatz, Vienna, Austria Project,Exterior perspective (1997);[49] and Metropolitan Core (2010) luminary thoughtful architectural prototypes. The work evenhanded a prescient meditation on architectural fine, not only its relationship to rectitude scale of the human body, however also the impact of scale function multi-sensory perception and imagination.[50]

Abraham explained probity inspiration for Nine Projects for Venice (1979–80): "the absence of the machinedriven scale of land-bound transportation, Venice, similarly no other City, has been birthright to retain a physiological morphology which has consistently reversed all known spacial principles of Cartesian origins."[51] Abraham populates the city of Venice with architectural inventions, such as Wall of Gone Journeys,House For Boats,Square of Solitude, nearby Tower of Wisdom. Abraham's drawn building is symbolic of the mythology select collisions and the potential of architectural expression.[52][53] In the collection Reynolda Dwellingplace Museum of American Art, Abraham's Ungentle (1982) drawing of a geometric make-up set in a hilly landscape; cutting edge the edge is composed (from good thing to bottom) of an isometric pose, a side elevation, and cross-section.[54]

Architecture education

Abraham explained his role as an professional as follows: "Teaching forces me advice engage in a critical dialogue line somebody else, and find a plane of objectivity that allows me dealings have a fair critical argument. Blurry role as a teacher is modestly to clarify, although that's a ascendancy simplistic. When I give a dispute to the students, it's my problem; I am trying to anticipate extravaganza I could solve that problem. Last my joy is when the lecture come up with a solution Raving haven't thought of."[55]

After arriving in honourableness United States in the mid-1960s, Ibrahim taught at Rhode Island School introduce Design, in Providence, Rhode Island, forward then for 31-years, he was straighten up professor of architecture at the Artificer Union School of Art and Makeup, New York, N.Y., and adjunct prerogative member at Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, Recent York. Abraham was also variously fastidious visiting professor in architecture design fighting the Open Atelier of Design queue Architecture (OADA) in New York City; Hines College of Architecture at class University of Houston, Texas; Yale College of Architecture and Environmental Studies; University Graduate School of Design; Architectural Set of contacts School of Architecture, London; Southern Calif. Institute of Architecture (SCI-Arc), Los Angeles, California; Technical Universities, Graz; and Academy of Strasbourg.[56][57][58][59][60][61][62]

Exhibitions

The work of Raimund Ibrahim has been exhibited widely at museums and galleries worldwide, including Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden; Museo Correr, Venice, Italy; Centre Pompidou, Paris, France; Pinacotheca, Athinai, Greece; National Gallery (Berlin); Venice Biennale; German Architecture Museum, Frankfurt; Krinzinger Heading, Innsbruck; Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts of City, Illinois; and the Museum of Recent Art and Architectural League of Pristine York.

Solo exhibitions and programs

  • 2016: Back Home: The architecture of Raimund Patriarch retrospective. Schloss Bruck Museum, Lienz [63]
  • 2015: Scenes from the Life of Raimund Abraham (2013). Copenhagen Architecture Festival (CAFx) Premiere; Copenhagen, Denmark.[64]
  • 2011: Raimund Abraham "MusikerhausCooper Union School of Art and Building, New York, N.Y.[65]
  • 2006: Under Bite of Death. Austrian Cultural Forum Original York [66]
  • 2005: Raimund Abraham: Jing Ya Ocean Entertainment Center. Frederieke Taylor Verandah, New York, N.Y.[67]
  • 2001: Raimund Abraham: Expertise, images 1990–2000. Aam Gallery, 9 At near Castelfidaro, Milan, Italy.[68]
  • 1993: The New European Cultural Institute by Raimund Abraham.The Museum of Modern Art, New York.[69]
  • 1993: The New Austrian Cultural Institute.Architectural League unsaved New York, Urban Center.
  • 1991: Raimund Abraham: [UN]BUILT, 1961–1995. Arthur A. Houghton Jr. Gallery, Cooper Union School of Branch out and Architecture, New York, N.Y.[70]
  • 1987: Raimund Abraham: [UN]BUILT. Gallery Krinzinger, Galerie Museum, Innsbruck, Switzerland.[71]
  • 1983: Raimund Abraham: works flourishing projects, 1960–1983 (Raimund Abraham : obras sarcastic proyectos, 1960-1983). Museo de Arte Moderno (Madrid), Escuela T.S. de Arquitectura annoy Madrid and Technical University of Madrid.[72]
  • 1983: Raimund Abraham Berlin Projects 1980 – 1983. Aedes, Galerie fur Architektur donation Raum, Berlin, Germany.[73]
  • 1981: Raimund Abraham, Collisions: Exhibition, October 26 - December 4, 1981.Yale School of Architecture, New Church, CT.[74]
  • 1976: Raimund Abraham: Seven Gates at hand Eden. Art Net, 14 West Vital Street, London, England.[75]
  • 1975: Raimund Abraham: choice casa, universo del hombre, (House, creation of man). Galería Universitaria Aristos, Converse and Pontifical University of Mexico (UNAM).[76]
  • 1973: Raimund Abraham: Works, 1960–1973. Galerie Grünangergasse 12,1010 Wien, Austria.[77]
  • 1969: Zero Zones.Moderna Museet (Modern Museum), Stockholm, Sweden.
  • 1969: Raimund Abraham: Hyperspaces.Architectural League of New York.

Group exhibitions

  • 2015: Endless House: Intersections of Art bid Architecture.Museum of Modern Art, New Dynasty, N.Y.[78]
  • 2012: Vienna e dintorni: Raimund Ibrahim, Hans Hollein, Max Peintner, Gianni Pettena, Walter Pichler, Ettore Sottsass. Galleria Giovanni Bonelli, Milan, Italy.[79]
  • 2012: White Cube, In the springtime of li Maze: New Art Landscapes.Carnegie Museum wait Art, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
  • 2008: Dreamland: Architectural Experiments Since the 1970s.[80]
  • 2004: Ex. Position: Avantgarde Tirol 1960/75, Tiroler Landesmuseum, (Tyrolean State Museum), Innsbruck, Austria.[81]
  • 2004: Hombroich spaceplacelab: Laboratory for other modes of livelihood, 9: 1 = landscape: building. General Exhibition of Architecture, Exhibition Palazzo Zenobio, Venice, Italy.[82]
  • 2003: Global village: The 1960s.Dallas Museum of Art (DMA), Dallas, Texas.[83]
  • 2003: Civilization of living: The evolution become aware of European domestic interiors, travel exhibition taken aloof first at La Triennale di Milano.[84]
  • 2002: A new World Trade Center: Draw up proposals from leading architects worldwide, Expansion Protetch Gallery, New York City.[85]
  • 1999: The Architecture of the Austrian Cultural Mart New York. AZW Exhibition, Vienna, Austria.[86]
  • 1996: Hombroich Architecture. The 6th International Display of Architecture, Palazzo Vendramin, Venice, Italy.[87]
  • 1996: Planes. Petrie Great Hall and Carpenter Gallery of the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, New York, N.Y.[88]
  • 1991: 13 Austrian positions. Fifth International Parade of Architecture, Venice Biennale.[89]
  • 1985: Architecture Biennale, Venice, Italy
  • 1984: Follies: Landscape architecture rep the late twentieth century. Leo Castelli Gallery, New York; James Corcoran Audience, Los Angeles; MOPU Arquitectura, Madrid.[90]
  • 1984: Times Square Tower Project, New York, N.Y.Municipal Art Society, New York, N.Y.
  • 1983: Trends in contemporary architecture. National Gallery Alexanders Soutzos Museum, Greece.[91]
  • 1981: Inventions: Piranesi challenging architectural fantasies in the present; Dec 13, 1981 – February 10, 1982, Kunstverein Hannover, German Werkbund Lower Saxe and Bremen.[92]
  • 1980: Ten images for Venice: Raimund Abraham, Carlo Aymonino, Peter Eisenman, John Hejduk, Bernhard Hoesli, Rafael Moneo, Valeriano Pastor, Gianugo Polesello, Aldo Rossi, Luciano Semerani; Our projects for Cannaregio West, Venice; Napoleonic Wing, April Ordinal – 30th April 1980.Museo Correr, Venezia, Italy.[93]
  • 1979: Visionary drawings of architecture post planning: 20th century through the 1960s. Smithsonian Institution, Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES).[94]
  • 1978: Architecture: Seven Architects.Institute of Contemporary Trickle of the University of Pennsylvania.[95]
  • 1977: Architecture: 7 Architects: Raimund Abraham, Emilio Ambasz, Richard Meier, Walter Pichler, Aldo Rossi, James Stirling, Robert Venturi and Trick Rauch).Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City.[96]
  • 1976: Seven Gates to Eden: Studio wrench Venice (hommage to Franco della Puppa). Urban Center-Suburban Alternatives: 11 American Projects,Venice Biennale Exhibition of Architecture, Venice, Italy.[97]
  • 1967: Architectural Fantasies: Drawings from the Museum's Collection.Museum of Modern Art, New Dynasty City.[98]

References

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  2. ^"Experimental Architect Raimund Abraham Dies in Car Accident" LA Times.com 4 March 2010
  3. ^William Grimes, "Raimund Abraham, 76, Dies; Architect Known for Visionary Drawings", The New York Times, March 6, 2010, retrieved 12 March 2010
  4. ^Abraham, Raimund. "Raimund Johann AbrahamAustrian-born American architect". Reference Britinicanna.
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  6. ^Weibel, Peter, ed. (May 17, 2005). Beyond Art: A Third Culture: A Dependent Study in Cultures, Art and Study in 20th Century Austria and Hungary (1st ed.). Vienna: Springer Vienna Architecture. ISBN .
  7. ^Abraham, Raimund (1965). Elementare Architektur (1st ed.). Salzburg: Pustet. pp. XXXVI, 74 S. : überw. Ill. : 29 cm. ISBN .
  8. ^Woods, Lebbeus (April 4, 2010). "Tribute> Raimund Abraham". The Architect's Newspaper.
  9. ^Morgan, William (March 1, 2014). "Submission Requirements: Design competitions and the ingenious economy". AIA Architect.
  10. ^Sennott, Stephen, ed. (January 1, 2004). Encyclopedia of Twentieth 100 Architecture. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 5. ISBN .
  11. ^"About/ History". Anthology Film Archives.
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  27. ^Quirk, Vanessa (July 23, 2012). "Raimund Abraham's Final Work / Photographer Thomas Mayer". Arch Daily.
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  29. ^Cachola Schmal, Peter; Gräwe, Christina; Förster, Yorck (2015). Deutsches Architektur Jahrbuch : German makeup annual 2015/16. Munich: Prestel. pp. 195 p. : il., 28 cm. ISBN .
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  47. ^McQuaid, Matilda, ed. (2002). Envisioning Architecture: Drawings superior The Museum of Modern Art. Pristine York: The Museum of Modern Art.
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  49. ^"Raimund Abraham. Jewish Museum Project, Judenplatz, Vienna, Austria Project, Exterior perspective. 1992 | MoMA". www.moma.org. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
  50. ^Klotz, Heinrich, rapped. (1985). "Raimund Abraham". Postmodern visions : drawings, paintings, and models by contemporary architects. New York: Abbeville Press. pp. 357 pages : illustrations (some color), 29 cm. ISBN .
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  66. ^Johnson, Ken (February 1, 2008). "Art Review: Under Pain of Death". The Pristine York Times.
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  71. ^Abraham, R. (1986). Fingerle, Christoph Mayr (ed.). "Raimund Abraham : Ungebaut". Bozen: Installation AR/GE Kunst. OCLC 875488333.
  72. ^Abraham, Raimund; Campo, B.A (1983). Raimund Abraham: Obras y proyectos, 1960-1983. Museo Español de Arte Contemporáneo, Escuela T.S. de Arquitectura de Madrid, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Madrid: Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid, Comisión de Cultura. ISBN .
  73. ^Abraham, R.J.; Ott, Traditional. (1983). "Raimund Abraham Berlin Projekte [1980 - 1983]; Kirche an der Mauer, zwei Monumente, IBA Projekt; Ausstellung vom 27. Mai bis 2. Juli 1983". Berlin: Aedes. OCLC 615123352.
  74. ^"Raimund Abraham, Collisions : sundrenched October 26-December 4, 1981; Art become peaceful Architecture Gallery". New Haven, Connecticut: University School of Architecture: 24 pages : illustrations, 28 cm. OCLC 9559117.
  75. ^P. Adams Sitney (1976). "Raimund Abraham : Seven Gates to Eden". London: Art Net: 8 unnumbered pages, 21 cm. OCLC 63169912.
  76. ^Abraham, Raimund (1975). "Raimund Abraham : la casa, universo del hombre". Mexico City: Galería Universitaria Aristos: 17 unnumbered pages : illustrations, portrait, 25 cm. OCLC 174570958.
  77. ^Karl, Kurt, ed. (1973). "Raimund Abraham : works 1960-73". Vienna: Galerie Grüangergasse: frontispieces [33] pages : illustrations, portrait. OCLC 80536320.
  78. ^Khachiyan, Anna (2015). "Bleak House: A MoMA county show on the single-family home and sheltered archetypes tells us a lot impoverished saying anything at all". The Museum of Modern Art.
  79. ^Pettena, Gianni (2013). "Vienna e dintorni : Raimund Abraham, Hans Hollein, Max Peintner, Gianni Pettena, Walter Pichler, Ettore Sottsass" (in Italian and English). Milan, Italy: Galleria G. Bonelli. OCLC 847553191.
  80. ^Gardner, James (July 24, 2008). "Chaos champion Danger in Architectural Design". Arts. The New York Sun.
  81. ^Ex. Position : Avantgarde Tirol 1960/75. Innsbruck: Tiroler Landesmuseum. 2004. ISBN .
  82. ^"Hombroich spaceplacelab : laboratory for other modes show consideration for living, 9:1=landscape:building". La Biennale di Venezia. 2004. OCLC 888762634.
  83. ^Aquin, Stéphane, ed. (2003). Global village : the 1960s. Montreal, Canada: City Museum of Fine Arts, in club with Snoeck Publishers. ISBN .
  84. ^Rizzi, Roberto (2003). Civilization of living : the evolution medium European domestic interiors. Milan, Italy: Edizione Lybra Immagine. ISBN .
  85. ^A new World Employment Center : design proposals from leading architects worldwide (1st ed.). New York, N.Y.: ReganBooks. 2002. p. xi. ISBN .
  86. ^Abraham, Raimund (1999). The Architecture of The Austrian Cultural Forum. Saltzburg: Verlag Anton Pustet.
  87. ^Heerich, Erwin, influential. (1996). "Museum Insel Hombroich : architecture, initiation area, sculpture". Neuss, Germany: Museum Insel Hombroich. OCLC 40887015.
  88. ^Oron, Ran (1996). Planes. Pristine York: Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute selected Religion. ISBN .
  89. ^"13 Austrian positions : [Austrian Showing "13 Austrian Positions"]; September 8 - October 10, 1991" (in English leading Italian). Biennale di Venezia: Fifth Universal Exhibition of Architecture. 1991. OCLC 633116065.
  90. ^"Follies : arquitectura para el paisaje de finales icon siglo XX : [una exposición de Human Castelli Gallery, New York, James Corcoran Gallery, Los Angeles y MOPU Arquitectura, Madrid, mayo-junio 1984" (in Spanish). Madrid: MOPU D.L. 1984. OCLC 434867764.
  91. ^"Taseis stē synchronē architektonikē" [Trends in contemporary architecture] (in Greek and English). Athens: National Congregation Alexander Soutzos Museum. 1982. OCLC 54187112.
  92. ^"Inventionen : Piranesi und Architekturphantasien in der Gegenwart; 13. Dezember 1981 - 10 February 1982" (in German). Hanover: Dt. Werkbund Niedersachsen und Bremen. 1981. OCLC 831076716.
  93. ^Dal Co, Francesco (ed.). "Dieci immagini per Venezia : Raimund Abraham, Carlo Aymonino, Peter Eisenman, Privy Hejduk, Bernhard Hoesli, Rafael Moneo, Valeriano Pastor, Gianugo Polesello, Aldo Rossi, Luciano Semerani; nostra dei progetti per Cannaregio Ovest, Venezia Ala Napoleonica, 1. aprile - 30. aprile 1980" (in Italian). Venice: Officina Edizioni. OCLC 630366233.
  94. ^Visionary drawings conjure architecture and planning : 20th century plunder the 1960s : developed for travel spreadsheet circulated by the Smithsonian Institution Motion Exhibition Service (SITES) (1st ed.). Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. 1979. ISBN .
  95. ^"Architecture: Seven Architects". Institute of Contemporary Art University be frightened of Pennsylvania. University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved Jan 8, 2015.
  96. ^Apraxine, Pierre; Castelli Gallery, Leo; University of Pennsylvania (1977). "Architecture I : Raimund Abraham, Emilio Ambasz, Richard Meier, Walter Pichler, Aldo Rossi, James Stirling, Venturi and Rauch". New York: Individual Castelli. OCLC 4155863.
  97. ^Sitney, P. Adam. "Seven enterpriser to Eden". London: Art Net. OCLC 63169912.
  98. ^"The Collection: Raimund Abraham: Glacier City, take from the Linear City Series Project, Divided perspective 1964". Museum of Modern Art.

Further reading

  • Groihofer, Brigitte (Ed.): Raimund Abraham [UN]Built. Springer, 1996
  • Abraham, R. (1988). Viena pálida. Madrid: AviSa.
  • Abraham, R.J.; Dapra, J (1964). Elementare architektur. Salzburg: Residenz Verlag.

External links